Dutch Driving License Theory Book In English

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• • • In Singapore, cars and other vehicles drive on the left side of the road, as in neighbouring, due to its British colonial history (which led to British driving rules being adopted in India, Australia, New Zealand, and Hong Kong as well). As a result, most vehicles are right-hand drive. However, exemptions have been made to allow foreign vehicles and construction machineries to utilise the roadspace of Singapore. As such, vehicles with configurations are required to either be driven with a sign indicating 'LEFT-HAND-DRIVE' or towed.

The per-capita car ownership rate in Singapore is 12 cars per 100 people (or 1 car per 8.25 people). Geylang Road was one of the earliest roads built in Singapore. The earliest roads in Singapore, after its in 1819, were laid out in the of 1822 in keeping with 's directions. A grid system was adopted for the town with roads for being 16 yards (15 m) wide, and those for horses four yards wide. Pedestrian paths along the roadsides were two yards wide, allowing room for two people to walk abreast and giving rise to the that came to be associated with the sheltered walkways along roadside. [ ] These roads were fairly advanced for the time, with surfacing used on High Street as early as 1821. Roads were also constructed across the rest of the island, although they were usually unsurfaced.

Teltonika T Modem Usb Driver Download. Most of the roads were accessible to the kampong roads by 1845, and finally to the HDB developed roads since the 1960s. Currently, there are a lot of roads and expressways in Singapore. The first motor car was introduced in Singapore in 1896. As with many other urban areas of the time, all the earliest modes of transport were replaced by today's transport.

Driving licence [ ] Obtaining a driving licence [ ] A class 3 or class 3A licence permits the holder to drive motorcars weighing less than 3,000 kg when unladen and to carry no more than seven passengers. In addition, the holder may drive a motor tractor or other motor vehicles with an unladen weight of less than 2,500 kg. A class 3A licence limits the holder to drive motor vehicles without a clutch pedal, typically automatic transmission cars, whereas a class 3 licence allows the holder to drive all motor vehicles.

Class 3A drivers are not allowed to drive manual transmission cars. Drivers must be 18 years old to qualify for a including applying for theory lessons. Once a driver passes the Basic Theory Test (BTT), a Provisional Driving Licence (PDL) which lasts for six months, must be applied for before taking the practical driving lesson. However, a student can choose to apply and pass the Final Theory Test (FTT) before applying for a PDL and starting driving lessons. The last stage of obtaining a driving licence is the practical driving test, for which a student must have a FTT pass result slip and a PDL. The driving theory tests consists of 50 questions to be answered within 50 minutes; to pass, you must answer 45 out of the 50 questions correctly.

Results are shown immediately after the test on the same touchscreen monitor. Foreign drivers in Singapore [ ] The Singapore Traffic Police require foreigners residing in Singapore to have a valid foreign driver's licence and to be at least 18 years old. Conversion to a Singaporean licence is often possible for certain classes of vehicles. Foreigners who have obtained a Singapore licence are supplied with a limited-duration licence which needs to be renewed between one month before expiry to three years after expiry. After this period, the conversion procedure or licensing theory and practical tests must be taken all over again.

Licence renewal [ ] No renewal of a driving licence is required for Singapore citizens and permanent residents since the introduction of the photocard licence. The driving licence is for the normal lifespan of the person and can be surrendered upon request to the. If the person passes away, the licence will have to be surrendered to the Traffic Police for cancellation, similar to National Registration Identity Card (NRIC).

A person who commits 12 demerit points and is above 80 years old is subject to early termination of the driving licence indefinitely, after which it will also not accept new drivers above 79 years old. Random medical check-up screenings will be done above 62 years old for all drivers; however this is only valid if they still want to drive. For Class 4, 5, bus and taxi driving licences, annual medical check-ups are done from 70 years old all the way to 80. The upper age limit is 81. Riding motorcycles registered on a different holder [ ] In Singapore, it is illegal to ride a motorcycle if the rider's name is not entered in the insurance contract.

For each motorcycle, only one co-rider can be entered, but the procedure to change the co-rider is comparatively quick and easy. The only exception is commercial insurance, where any rider can use the vehicle.

Only a business registered company can register for a commercial insurance. Example: Any rider can rent a motorcycle. Driver Improvement Points System [ ] The Driver Improvement Points System (DIPS) is a system whereby demerit points will be added to the driver's record. The system is meant to deter drivers from infringing the rules-of-the-road and, if they do, suspend their driving licence for a period of time. This system requires offenders to retest and pass the driving test again from the beginning. If a driver accumulates 24 within a period of two years, he/she will be suspended from driving for three months.

If he/she had been suspended before, he/she will only be allowed to accumulate less than 12 demerit points in a period of 12 months. It is a driving licence scheme where those foreigners who have their licence suspended will have their licences affected, as this is from other countries. A driving licence is a statutory requirement and is commonly used worldwide.

Currently, drivers are given demerit points if they commit certain traffic offences such as and passengers not fastening their. Roads in Singapore [ ] Electronic Road Pricing [ ]. Main article: The (LTA) in Singapore implemented an Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) scheme to deter traffic congestion during peak hours at various roads. The ERP scheme requires electronic gantries to be placed over the road at designated locations and that cars be equipped with an In-Vehicle Unit (IU), a rectangular device pasted on the inside bottom right of the front windscreen from the driver's view, which will deduct the toll price from a. The CashCard must be inserted into the device, and failure to do so is in violation of law.

There is no charge for entering the area during certain non-peak times. Low Emission Zone [ ] The LTA also implemented the Low Emission Zone to deter air pollution at various roads. SBS Transit had not extended most of the Volvo DM3500s and some Striders, including SMRT had early retired Dennis Lance 245 and Hino HS3KRK beginning 2013, as part of the change of law. • 2014: All buses, vans, lorries and minibuses must meet minimum Euro II onwards. All taxis must meet minimum Euro III onwards • 24 December 2017: All buses, vans, lorries and minibuses must meet minimum Euro III onwards.

All taxis must meet minimum Euro IV onwards Parking [ ] The cost of parking in many upgraded car parks can be deducted from the CashCard inserted in the IU of the vehicle, thus eliminating the need for the car park to have an attendant. Although the cost of parking (which is published) is variable, parking costs tend to be much less expensive compared to London and New York. For example, the Centrepoint shopping centre charges a mere S$1 (approximately US$0.70) for the first hour, whereas garages in New York on and 57th Street charge between US$12 and US$26 for one hour.

Some car parks in Singapore are equipped with sensors that can detect whether the position is filled or not. This information is processed and displayed in signs around the car park, directing drivers to areas where there are free spaces. Road signs [ ]. Main article: During British colonial rule, Singapore's road rules and legislature which govern the design and layout of the road signs were directly imported from Britain.

As such, most road signs in Singapore are similar to those in the UK. For example, warning signs are a depicted as red triangles and mandatory regulative signs are depicted as blue circles. However, several aspects of road signage and traffic-calming measures adopted locally developed standards after independence. Major deviations are as follows: 1.

A locally developed is used in favour for the road signs, instead of which was adopted in Britain. In 1998, a system of black-on-yellow 'curve alignment markers' were widely adopted and gradually replaced the British system of using white-on-black sharp deviation signs to delineate sharp turns. A few of the British system was still kept such as in Mandai Road and Suntec City.

In the late 1990s, all the circular regulatory signs and triangular warning signs were mounted to a one-size-fits-all square white backing board to improve conspicuity on a complex background like trees. In the early 2000s, signs at road works are usually black-on-red-orange with diamond and rectangular shaped, which are similar to the Taiwanese system. Most roads, bridges,, and tunnels are marked with signposts with the road's name.

The expressways in Singapore are not numbered (unlike most other countries), but are named. Road signs abbreviate the full name of the expressway into three representative letters, such as the PIE for Pan Island Expressway or the ECP for East Coast Parkway respectively. Almost all road signs in Singapore are in English although many road names have a Malay origin. Typically, 'Jalan' is used for 'Road' and 'Lorong' is used for 'Lane'. Multilingual road signs exist, especially for historically ethnic enclaves like Chinatown or Little India, or for landmarks. For example, some directional signs pointing to Chinese or Hindu temples are bilingual or trilingual (English, Chinese, or Tamil). Bilingual signage dates to the early days of Singapore.

Curiously enough, even on the larger signs, road names are rarely spelt out in full. For example, 'road' is almost always 'Rd' ('Avenue' as 'Ave', 'Bukit' as 'Bt', 'Boulevard' as 'Blvd', 'Close' as 'Cl', 'Central' as 'Ctrl', 'Crescent' as 'Cres', 'Drive' as 'Dr', 'Jalan' as 'Jln', 'Kampong' as 'Kg', 'Lane' as 'Ln', 'Lorong' as 'Lor', 'Upper' as 'Upp', 'Place' as 'Pl', 'Saint' and 'Street' as 'St', 'Tanjong' as 'Tg'). Exceptions include roads that end with less common words, such as 'walk', 'hill', and 'park'. Left turn or right turn at a red traffic light [ ] Left Turn In Singapore, it is illegal to turn left (into the nearest lane, due to the left-hand driving) during a red light. This rule, however, does not apply if a 'Left Turn on Red' sign is present at the junction, allowing left turning motorists to turn left, provided they stop before the stop line and give way to pedestrians and incoming traffic. Right Turn It is illegal to turn right during a red light in Singapore. Right turns are permissible only when one's lane has the green light signal and the opposing traffic lane, travelling in the opposite direction, is clear and favourable to execute a right turn.

However, green turning signals (the outline of a right-pointing arrow) are installed onto some traffic lights. These rules in Singapore are similar to many countries that employ, and unlike countries which permit turns on red.

Special Roads [ ] Due to the limited land space in Singapore, selected roads, especially those with more lanes have been specially designated as runways for aircraft in the event of emergency or when needs arise. Traffic safety [ ] Driving safety [ ] Driving after consuming alcohol, using a phone while driving, dangerous driving, and car racing are all illegal. Car safety crash tests [ ] The Singapore government accepts the crash safety standards of the EU and Japan.

Cars made in the EU and Japan do not need to pass additional safety standards to be sold in Singapore. Cars may be privately imported into Singapore if they have an EU Certificate of Conformity or the Japanese Completion Inspection Certificate, both of which incorporate emissions and safety standards. Not all cars sold in Singapore have been tested by the, a car-safety testing organisation jointly operated by several European government agencies, that crash tests cars that can be legally sold in several European countries. Buying a car [ ] Many regulations concerning buying and driving a car are administered by the, the successor to the Registry of Vehicles. Certificate of Entitlement [ ]. Main article: New car buyers are required to buy a (COE), which is valid for ten years.

The typical car lifespan is 10 years. Extension for two or three years of the typical car lifespan is only for those who have special difficulties. Car buyers can scrap the car earlier than the typical car lifespan.

The term 'bidding' is often used, but in practice new car dealers assist in the process. The fee of each COE is added on to the costs of a new car based on engine size—Category A is 1,600 cc engine and below; Category B is 1,601 cc engine and above—and is generally lower for Category A vehicles. There are provisions for a rebate of the COE if the car is scrapped before 10 years.

Preferential Additional Registration Fee [ ] A car owner may apply for a portion of the Preferential Additional Registration Fee (PARF) if a car is de-registered before 10 years. The term 'Additional Registration Fee (ARF)' is calculated from 110% of Open Market Value (OMV). If a car is less than 5 years old, then the PARF is 75% of the ARF. Open Market Value [ ] The Open Market Value (OMV) of a vehicle is determined by Singapore customs and is equivalent to the price of the car, including freight and other incidental charges. Licence plates [ ] in Singapore are the same 520mm x 110mm size found in many European countries. Red licence plates indicate that the car may be driven only during off-peak times unless a daily fee is paid. Off peak times are from 7 p.m.

On weekdays and all day on Saturdays and Sundays. Since the end of January 2010, off-peak car usage is no longer restricted on Saturday, Sunday, and the days before public holidays. Off-peak licence plates cost less than regular ones. Standard licence plates in Singapore are usually black with silver or white lettering or the newer white front/yellow rear plate combination and Off-peak licence plates are white on red.

Car market [ ] Domestic car market [ ] Car brands are typically sold by only one dealer although there are rare exceptions where two dealers sell the same brand. Several dealers have more than one location. Some dealers sell more than one brand, unlike the situation in some western European countries in the past where some manufacturers prohibited dealers from selling competing brands. Negotiation during car purchases is customary but limited due to the lack of competing dealers. The limited size of the Singapore market results in some brands not offering the full model line in Singapore.

Unlike in Australia, where the US and the Japanese (re-badged as the in the United States) are sold, only the Japanese is sold in Singapore. Some brands, such as and (except the ) are only offered with even though cars are sold in the car's home market. Download Video Woodstock 1999 Stage.

Although car prices are high, servicing costs are reasonable compared to in the United States and Western Europe in terms of labour charges. (SUVs) and are not as common in Singapore as in the United States and Canada. So, pick-up trucks in Singapore are relatively expensive compared to other countries, and some dealerships do not import pick-up trucks like the and at all. Japanese car manufacturers have the largest market share. Some Japanese cars are imported from countries other than Japan. For example, the is imported from, whereas the version is called. Initially the sold in Singapore was a, while the facelift version is a wider and longer from Thailand.

(like the,, and ) are common in Singapore, but not as popular as in as most Japanese car manufacturers seldom release Kei cars in Singapore. Beside this, there are some grey imports of Kei cars like. European car manufacturers are well represented. On the more expensive segment of the market, European cars sold in Singapore include,,,, and others.,,, and are among the less expensive European cars sold in Singapore. American cars have a low market share.,, and vehicles are sold in Singapore, such as the C,,, and.

Markets only Korean-made Daewoo cars, but not its American-made models. Markets some cars from its European line, not its American product line. Even, a Japanese car maker, did not do well with cars made by a US-based subsidiary,, which exported the US-made to Singapore. Non-Japanese Asian car brands sold in Singapore include,,,,,,,,, and. Used cars that are more than three years old cannot be imported into Singapore. In 2005, there was significant local press coverage of the death of a car saleslady when a customer was involved in a collision during a test drive, reportedly after aggressive driving. The driver's licence was suspended in April 2007 for this incident although the court case was still pending at the time of licence suspension.

Aftermarket [ ] Because Singapore does not have a domestic automobile industry and thus has a very small domestic market for remanufactured and reconditioned auto parts, it has become an especially important for businesses exporting automotive parts and accessories. This is magnified by high automobile turnover, a preference for new parts, and a high demand for 'accessories, car-care products, prestige items, and new spare parts'. In fact, Singapore has become a major automotive components manufacturing base, as several leading multinational corporations (MNCs) have established international procurement offices as well as their Southeast Asia distribution centres. Singapore as an automobile exporter [ ] The peculiarities of Singapore's car market has made Singapore the second largest exporter of used cars in the world (approximately 100,000 cars exported per year) after Japan. [ ] Singapore exports its cars to many countries, including African countries. Used cars are often exported to other countries with right-hand driving, but there are exports to left-hand-driving countries as well. New Zealand allows used cars previously registered in Singapore to be imported without any modifications.

This is due in part to the reduction in the costs of COE and PARF between 2000 and 2005, which has incentivised owners to purchase new cars before their ten years is up. Previously, the COE and PARF represented around 80% of the cost of a medium-priced car like the.

With the COE and PARF less expensive than in the past, in some cases the yearly drop in the COE and PARF rebate becomes significant compared to the pre-tax (OMV) price of a new car. Furthermore, with the PARF rebate starting to diminish after a car is five years old, the net amount of credit (similar to resale value or trade-in value) compared to the OMV becomes less favourable for owners of older cars. In contrast, in countries with low taxes, the most economical ownership strategy is to keep a car as long as possible until repair costs exceed a new car's costs or financing costs. Left hand drive Vs Right hand drive [ ] In Singapore, only right-hand-drive cars are permitted on the roads. There are exceptions for special-purpose vehicles, diplomatic vehicles, and foreign-registered vehicles, with the label placed at the back windscreen of the vehicles indicating 'Left Hand Drive' to alert other motorist that the driver's seat is on the left side instead of on the right side. Petrol market [ ] Major companies in the retail petrol market [ ] Unlike some countries with a significant number of petrol dealers operating under their own, independent brand, petrol dealers in Singapore sell petrol under the brand of multinational companies., marketing petrol under the 'Shell' brand, has the largest retail network of stations.

Has 23 stations and 19 stations., formerly a joint venture between and, but now a subsidiary of Chevron, which acquired Texaco has stations in Singapore., marketing petrol under the 'SPC' brand also has significant numbers of petrol stations in Singapore. Four grades of petrol are commonly sold in Singapore. Diesel and unleaded petrol with levels of 92, 95 and 98 are widely sold. Octane levels conform with European octane ratings and roughly correspond to American octane levels of 87, 90, and 93, respectively. Shell also market a fifth brand of fuel under the V-Power label, in addition to 98 octane petrol.

98 octane V-Power is marketed as having an FMT additive and 'formulated to improve performance and responsiveness', and sells for approximately 15 cents per litre more than Shell's other 98 octane fuel. Petrol stations frequently have loyalty schemes, such as Shell's Escape points.

The price of petrol is usually standardised such that the cost of a particular brand of fuel is the same regardless of which station sells it. Petrol is not rationed in Singapore. Petrol is cheaper in Malaysia than in Singapore, but opportunities are limited because cars registered in Singapore crossing over into Malaysia are legally required to have at least three-quarters of a tank of fuel. Net exporter of refined petrol [ ] As a result of the high petrol refining capacity in Singapore, Singapore is a net exporter of refined petroleum. ExxonMobil's refineries in and Singapore has a 605,000 barrel capacity. Shell's 500,000 barrels-per-day refinery exports 90% of its products to other countries.

The Singapore Refining Company has a 285,000 barrel capacity refinery, a 50/50 venture between Chevron and SPC, though part of Chevron's stake was previously owned. The United States, in contrast, has a shortage of oil-refining capacity, resulting in about 10% of petrol being imported as a refined product, as opposed to crude oil, some of it being imported from the, a country that lacks significant oil drilling activity. Effects of the price of petrol in Singapore on the Australian market [ ] The wholesale price of Mogas 95 unleaded petrol is the regional benchmark, including the benchmark price for Australia. This is a result of Singapore having a large refining capacity. In 2005, Australia imported 29% of its petrol and diesel needs, of which 80% came from Singapore. The retail price of Australian petrol is thus influenced by the wholesale price of petrol in Singapore.

Foreign assessment of Singapore motoring [ ] The (GTZ) submitted a report on Singapore's (ERP) system to the. The report praised ERP as fair, convenient, reliable, and effective in congestion reduction. It also described its positive ramifications such as revenue collection and pollution control. An expatriate advice website states that driving and owning a car in Singapore is very expensive. Described Singapore as a 'living laboratory for, a catchall phrase for high-tech strategies to gather data, manage flow, and inform drivers of congestion ahead', noting that traffic 'does indeed move noticeably smoother here than in American metropolitan areas of comparable size—, for instance.' Measures to reduce vehicle usage [ ] Several steps have to be completed before a car-owner can drive a vehicle in Singapore. A (COE) is required, costing more than 80,000 to successful bidders.

This permits ownership of the vehicle for a period of 10 years after which the vehicle must be scrapped or another COE paid for allowing an additional 5 or 10 years of usage. COE is technically a lease at an inflated cost. Only ten-year COEs may be further renewed to another 7-10 years and no extension of the car is given. Historic vehicles are exempted from these requirements. Certain roads and expressways in Singapore are subject to the (ERP) system. COEs and the ERP system are intended to encourage people to use public transport such as the and public buses instead of driving.

The increasing parking charges in HDB carparks from 1 December 2016 in electronic parking and selected season parking also deter people from driving and encouraged to take public transport. See also [ ] • References [ ]. Archived from on 26 February 2015. Retrieved 11 June 2007. Archived from on 16 January 2016. Retrieved 2016-02-04. AloRide - Singapore Motorbike Rental.

Singapore Police Force. Archived from on 7 June 2007. Retrieved 11 June 2007. Angloinfo Singapore.. Retrieved 2016-06-15.

• • • Ng, Haw Cheng (November 2010). Archived from (PDF) on 20 March 2014. • • •, Kiplinger.com • (PDF). • • Retrieved 26 April 2007. Reference notes price of 16 April 2007 • • • •, •, MSNBC •, Office of United States Senator •, WorldCity Annual Report •, BP Australia • • •.

External links [ ] • • Schematic drawing of ERP system which uses pair of gantries and 5 step detection sequence • to check and calculate Fuel, ERP and Taxi Fare amount needed for a motorist's driving trip or taxi trip in Singapore •.