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1.8.2 (21 July 2017; 4 months ago ( 2017-07-21)) Type of format Extended from, ISO/IEC 144 OpenType is a format for scalable. It was built on its predecessor, retaining TrueType's basic structure and adding many intricate data structures for prescribing behavior. OpenType is a registered trademark of. The specification germinated at Microsoft, with also contributing by the time of the public announcement in 1996. Because of wide availability and typographic flexibility, including provisions for handling the diverse behaviors of all the world's, OpenType fonts are used commonly today on the major computer platforms.

Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • History [ ] OpenType's origins date to Microsoft's attempt to license 's advanced typography technology in the early 1990s. Those negotiations failed, motivating Microsoft to forge ahead with its own technology, dubbed 'TrueType Open' in 1994. Adobe joined Microsoft in those efforts in 1996, adding support for the glyph outline technology used in its Type 1 fonts. These efforts were intended by Microsoft and Adobe to supersede both Apple's TrueType and Adobe's (') font formats. Needing a more expressive font format to handle fine typography and the complex behavior of many of the world's writing systems, the two companies combined the underlying technologies of both formats and added new extensions intended to address those formats' limitations.

The name OpenType was chosen for the combined technologies, and the technology was announced later that year. Open Font Format [ ] Adobe and Microsoft continued to develop and refine OpenType over the next decade. Then, in late 2005, OpenType began migrating to an open standard under the (ISO) within the group, which had previously (in 2003) adopted OpenType 1.4 by reference for. Adoption of the new standard reached formal approval in March 2007 as ISO Standard ISO/IEC 14496-22 (MPEG-4 Part 22) called Open Font Format (OFF, not to be confused with ). It is also sometimes referred to as 'Open Font Format Specification' (OFFS).

The initial standard was technically equivalent to OpenType 1.4 specification, with appropriate language changes for ISO. The second edition of the Open Font Format was published in 2009 (ISO/IEC 144) and was declared 'technically equivalent' to the 'OpenType font format specification'. Since then, the Open Font Format and the OpenType specification have continued to be maintained in sync. OFF is a free, publicly available standard.

By 2001 hundreds of OpenType fonts were on the market. Adobe finished converting their entire font library to OpenType toward the end of 2002. As of early 2005, around 10,000 OpenType fonts had become available, with the Adobe library comprising about a third of the total. By 2006, every major and many minor ones were developing fonts in OpenType format. [ ] Unicode Variation Sequences [ ] Unicode version 3.2 (published in 2002) introduced as an encoding mechanism to represent particular glyph forms for characters. Unicode did not, however, specify how text-display implementations should support these sequences. In late 2007, variation sequences for the Adobe-Japan1 collection were registered in the Unicode Ideographic Database, leading to a real need for an OpenType solution.

This resulted in development of cmap subtable Format 14, which was introduced in OpenType version 1.5. Color Fonts [ ] Unicode version 6.0 introduced encoded as characters into Unicode. Several companies quickly acted to add support for Unicode emoji in their products. Since Unicode emoji are handled as text, and since color is an essential aspect of the emoji experience, this led to a need to create mechanisms for displaying poly-chromatic glyphs. Apple, Google and Microsoft independently developed different color-font solutions for use in OS X/iOS, Android and Windows.

OpenType / OFF already had support for monochrome bitmap glyph, and so Google proposed that OFF be extended to allow for color bitmaps. This was the approach being taken by Apple, though Apple declined to participate in extending the ISO standard. As a result, Apple added the 'sbix' table to their TrueType format in OS X 10.7, while Google proposed addition of the CBDT and CBLC tables to OFF. Microsoft adopted a different approach than color bitmaps. Noting existing practice on the Web of layering glyphs of different color on top of one another to create multi-colored elements such as icons, Microsoft proposed a new COLR table to map a glyph into a set of glyphs that are layered, and a CPAL table to define the colors.

Adobe proposed yet another approach: add a new 'SVG ' table that can contain multi-color glyphs represented using. The Adobe, Microsoft and Google proposals were all incorporated into the third edition of OFF (ISO/IEC 144). The new tables — CBDT, CBLC, COLR, CPAL, SVG — were added to OpenType version 1.7. While Microsoft originally supported only the COLR/CPAL color format, support for all of the different color formats, including Apple's 'sbix' format, was added to in the Windows 10 Anniversary Update. The 'sbix' table was subsequently added to OpenType in version 1.8.

OpenType Collections [ ] Since at least version 1.4, the OpenType specification had supported “TrueType Collections”, a feature of the format that allows multiple fonts to be stored in a single file. By combining related fonts into a single file, font tables that are identical can be shared, thereby allowing for more efficient storage.

Also, individual fonts have a glyph-count limit of 65,535 glyphs, and a Collection file provides a mechanism for overcoming this limit in a single font file. (Each font within the collection still has the 65,535 limit, however.) A TrueType Collection file would typically have a file extension of “.ttc”. However, the specification only described collection files being used in conjunction with glyphs that are represented as TrueType outlines or as bitmaps.

The potential existed to provide the same storage and glyph-count benefits to fonts that use CFF-format glyphs (.otf extension). But the specification did not explicitly allow for that. In 2014, Adobe announced the creation of OpenType Collections (OTCs), a Collection font file that combines fonts that use CFF-format glyphs. This provided significant storage benefits for fonts that Adobe and Google were jointly developing. For example, the CJK OTC is ~10 MB smaller than the sum of the four separate OTFs of which it is comprised. The use of a Collection also allowed for combining a very large number of glyphs into a single file, as would be needed for a pan-CJK font.

Explicit support for Collections with CFF-format glyphs was incorporated into the OpenType specification in version 1.8. To reflect this more-inclusive applicability, the term “OpenType Collection” was adopted, superseding “TrueType Collection”.

OpenType Font Variations [ ]. See also: On September 14, 2016, Microsoft announced the release of OpenType version 1.8. This announcement was made together with Adobe, Apple, and Google at the conference in Warsaw. OpenType version 1.8 introduced “OpenType Font Variations”, which adds mechanisms that allow a single font to support many design variations. Fonts that use these mechanisms are commonly referred to as “OpenType variable fonts”. OpenType Font Variations re-introduces techniques that were previously developed by Apple in, and by Adobe in.

Psychopathic From Outer Space 3 Rarest. The common idea of these formats is that a single font includes data to describe multiple variations of a glyph outline (sometimes referred to as “masters”), and that at text-display time, the font rasterizer is able to interpolate or “blend” these variations to derive a continuous range of additional outline variations. The concept of fully parametric fonts had been explored in a more general way by Donald E.

Knuth in the system, introduced in 1978. That system and its successors were never widely adopted by professional type designers or commercial software systems. TrueType GX and Multiple Master formats, OpenType Font Variations’ direct predecessors, were introduced in the 1990s, but were not widely adopted, either. Adobe later abandoned support for the Multiple Master format.

This has led to questions as to whether a re-introduction of similar technology could succeed. By 2016, however, the industry landscape had changed in several respects. In particular, emergence of Web fonts and of mobile devices had created interest in and in seeking ways to deliver more type variants in a size-efficient format. Also, whereas the 1990s was an era of aggressive competition in font technology, often referred to as “the font wars”, OpenType Font Variations was developed in a collaborative manner involving several major vendors. Font Variations is integrated into OpenType 1.8 in a comprehensive manner, allowing most previously-existing capabilities to be used in combination with variations. In particular, variations are supported for both TrueType or CFF glyph outlines, for TrueType hinting, and also for the OpenType Layout mechanisms.

The only parts of OpenType for which variations are not supported but might potentially be useful are the SVG table for color glyphs, and the MATH table for layout of mathematical formulas. OpenType 1.8 made use of tables originally defined by Apple for TrueType GX (the avar, cvar, fvar and gvar tables). It also introduced several new tables, including a new table for version 2 of the CFF format (CFF2), and other new tables or additions to existing tables to integrate variations into other parts of the font format (the HVAR, MVAR, STAT and VVAR tables; additions to the BASE, GDEF and name tables). Description [ ] •. This section does not any. Unsourced material may be challenged and.

(May 2013) () Compared with ’s 'GX Typography'—now called (AAT)—and with the ’s technology, OpenType is less flexible in typographic options, but superior in language-related options and support. [ ] Nevertheless, OpenType has been adopted much more widely than AAT or Graphite, despite AAT being the older technology. From a font developer’s perspective, OpenType is, for many common situations, easier to develop for than AAT or Graphite. First, the simple declarative substitutions and positioning of OpenType are more readily understood than AAT’s more complex state tables or the Graphite description language that resembles. Second, Adobe’s strategy of licensing at no charge the developed for its own font development, AFDKO (Adobe Font Development Kit for OpenType), allowed third-party font editing applications such as and FontMaster to add support with relative ease. Although Adobe’s text-driven coding support is not as visual as Microsoft’s separate tool, VOLT (Visual OpenType Layout Tool), the integration with the tools being used to make the fonts has been well received.

Another difference is that an OpenType support framework (such as Microsoft’s ) needs to provide a fair bit of knowledge about special language processing issues to handle (for example: Arabic). With AAT or Graphite, the font developer has to encapsulate all that expertise in the font. This means that AAT and Graphite can handle any arbitrary language, but that it requires more work and expertise from the font developers. On the other hand, OpenType fonts are easier to make, but can only support if the application or operating system knows how to handle them. Prior to supporting OpenType, Adobe promoted and for high-end typography.

Multiple master fonts lacked the controls for alternate glyphs and languages provided by OpenType, but provided smooth transitions between styles within a type family. Expert fonts were intended as supplementary fonts, such that all the special characters that had no place in the character set – ligatures, fractions, small capitals, etc. – were placed in the expert font instead. Usage in applications was tricky, with, for example, typing a Z causing the ffl ligature to be generated. In modern OpenType fonts all these glyphs are encoded with their Unicode indices and selection method (i.e. Under what circumstances that glyph should be used). OpenType support [ ] Basic Roman support [ ] OpenType support may be divided into several categories.

[ ] Virtually all applications and most modern operating systems have basic Roman support and work with OpenType fonts just as well as other, older formats. Benefits beyond basic Roman support include extended language support through, support for complex writing scripts such as and the, and advanced typographic support for languages such as.

Amongst Microsoft's operating systems, OpenType TT fonts (.TTF) are backward compatible and therefore supported by all versions starting with Microsoft Windows 3.1. OpenType PS fonts (.OTF) are supported in all Windows versions starting with Microsoft; is required to be installed on Microsoft Windows 95/98/NT/Me for basic Roman support (only) of OpenType PS fonts. Extended language support [ ] Extended language support via Unicode for both OpenType and TrueType is present in most applications for Microsoft Windows [ ] (including, most Adobe applications, and Microsoft Office 2003, though not Word 2002), CorelDRAW X3 and newer, and many Mac OS X applications, including Apple's own such as, and. It is also widely supported in free operating systems, such as Linux (e.g.

In multiplatform applications like,,,, 3.2 and later versions, etc.). OpenType support for has so far mainly appeared in Microsoft applications in, such as and.

Provides extensive OpenType capability in but does not directly support Middle Eastern or — though a separate version of InDesign is available that supports Middle Eastern scripts such as Arabic and Hebrew. Undocumented functionality in many Adobe Creative Suite 4 applications, including InDesign, Photoshop and Illustrator, enables Middle Eastern, Indic and other languages, but is not officially supported by Adobe, and requires third-party plug-ins to provide a user interface for the features.

Advanced typography [ ] Advanced typographic support for Latin script languages first appeared in Adobe applications such as, and. 6.5 and below were not Unicode compliant. Hence text in these versions of QuarkXPress that contains anything other than / characters will not display correctly in an OpenType font (nor in other Unicode font formats, for that matter). However, in QuarkXPress 7, Quark offered support similar to Adobe's. Corel's introduced support for OpenType typographic features in version X6., a Mac OS X-only word processor from Redlers, claims parity in typographic features with InDesign, but also extends the support to right-to-left scripts; so does the, a specialized word processor developed at the Austrian Academy of Sciences.

As of 2009, popular word processors for Microsoft Windows did not support advanced OpenType typography features. Advanced typography features are implemented only in high-end software.

The text engine from, which is a implementation of OpenType, is the first Microsoft Windows to expose OpenType features to software developers, supporting both OpenType TrueType, and OpenType CFF () fonts. It supports advanced typographic features such as,, variants,, and,,, multiple, contextual and character forms, kerning, line-level, etc. WPF applications automatically gain support for advanced typography features. OpenType ligatures are accessible in. Windows 7 introduced, a hardware accelerated API for text rendering with support for multi-format text, resolution-independent outline fonts,, advanced OpenType typography features, full Unicode text, layout and language support and low-level glyph rendering APIs. On Mac OS X, -supporting applications running on and later, including TextEdit and Keynote, get considerable OpenType support. Apple's support for OpenType in Mac OS X 10.4 included most advanced typographic features necessary for languages, such as,, and various sorts of ligatures, but it did not yet support contextual alternates, positional forms, nor glyph reordering as handled by Microsoft's Uniscribe library on Windows.

Thus, Mac OS X 10.4 did not offer support for Arabic or Indic scripts via OpenType (though such scripts are fully supported by existing AAT fonts). Has improved support for OpenType and supports Arabic OpenType fonts. Gradually, the OpenType typography support has improved on newer Mac OS X versions (e.g. Mac OS X 10.10 can handle much better long contextual glyph substitutions). Bitstream, a line layout and text composition engine from, provides complete OpenType support for compact and standard Asian fonts, Arabic, Hebrew, Indic, Thai and over 50 other worldwide languages. Download Free Joe Sample Sample This Rar Software Downloads there. The application supports key OpenType tables required for line layout, such as BASE, glyph definition (GDEF), glyph positioning (GPOS), and glyph substitution (GSUB). Panorama also offers complete support for advanced typography features, such as ligatures, swashes, small caps, ornaments, ordinals, superiors, old style, kerning, fractions, etc.

In environments such as, OpenType rendering is provided by the project, included in free implementations of the such as. Complex text handling is provided either by (calling ). The and systems allow documents to use OpenType fonts, along with most of their typographic features.

Linux version of 4.1 and newer supports many OpenType typography features, because it began to use more sophisticated HarfBuzz text shaping library. OpenType Feature File (.fea) [ ] OpenType features are tedious to define using a GUI. Consequently, Adobe standardized a text specification format for feature files, which typically have a name ending in a.fea extension. These files can be compiled into the binary font container (.ttf or.otf) using (AFDKO),. The latter program implements a few features that are documented in the Adobe standard but are not implemented by AFDKO.

Layout tags [ ] OpenType Layout tags are 4-byte character strings that identify the scripts, language systems, features and baselines in an OpenType Layout font. Microsoft's Layout tag registry establishes conventions for naming and using these tags. OpenType features are created by using the tags in creating feature scripts that describe how characters are to be manipulated to make the desired feature. These feature scripts can be created and incorporated into OpenType fonts by advanced font editors such as, AsiaFont Studio, and. Operating system and application support for layout tags varies widely. Script tags [ ] Script tags identify the scripts (writing systems) represented in an OpenType typeface.

Each tag corresponds to contiguous character code ranges in Unicode. A script tag can consist of 4 or fewer lowercase letters, such as arab for the, cyrl for the and latn for the. The math script tag, added by Microsoft for, has been added to the specification.

Language system tags [ ] Language system tags identify the language systems supported in an OpenType typeface. Examples include ARA for, ESP for, HYE for, etc. In general, the codes are not the same as codes. Feature tags [ ]. Main article: A list of OpenType features with expanded descriptions is given.

Baseline tags [ ] Baseline tags have a specific meaning when used in the horizontal writing direction (used in the 'BASE' table's HorizAxis table), vertical writing direction (used in the 'BASE' table's VertAxis table), or both. Baseline tag HorizAxis VertAxis 'hang' horizontal line from which the syllabograms seem to hang in the The same line in Tibetan vertical writing mode.

'icfb' Ideographic character face bottom edge baseline. Ideographic character face left edge baseline. 'icft' Ideographic character face top edge baseline. Ideographic character face right edge baseline. 'ideo' Ideographic em-box bottom edge baseline. Ideographic em-box left edge baseline.

'idtp' Ideographic em-box top edge baseline. Ideographic em-box right edge baseline.

'math' The baseline about which mathematical characters are centered. The baseline about which mathematical characters are centered in vertical writing mode. 'romn' The baseline used by simple alphabetic scripts such as Latin, Cyrillic and Greek. The alphabetic baseline for characters rotated 90 degrees clockwise for vertical writing mode. Math [ ] A set of tables that mirrors TeX math font metrics relatively closely was added by Microsoft initially to for supporting their new math editing and rendering engine in and later. This extension was added to the ISO standard (ISO/IEC CD 14496-22 3rd edition) in April 2014. Additional (usage) details are available in the Unicode technical report 25 and technical note 28.

Some of the new technical features (not present in TeX), such as 'cut-ins' (which allows kerning of subscripts and superscripts relative to their bases ) and stretch stacks have been patented by Microsoft. Supports OpenType math outside MS Office applications via the 8.0 component. Specific Russian (top) and proper Serbian/Macedonian (bottom) letters uses some language specific glyphs. In Unicode these are encoded in a single code point.

OpenType allows showing these language-specific glyphs. See also [ ] • (Windows multilingual text rendering engine) • (the first Windows API with near complete OpenType support) • (Macintosh multilingual text rendering engine) • (old Macintosh multilingual text rendering engine) • (open source multilingual text rendering engine) •, a free typesetting system based on a merger of TeX with Unicode and Mac OS X font technologies • • • • • •, a webfont format that contains an OpenType font with metadata • References [ ].

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